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Informal logic: a pragmatic approach
Author
Publisher
Cambridge University Press
Publication Date
Varies, see individual formats and editions
Language
English
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Contributors
ISBN
9780521713801
9780521886178
9780521886178
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Table of Contents
From the Book - Regular Print - Second edition.
Preface --
Acknowledgments --
1. Argument as reasoned dialogue --
1.1. Types of argumentative dialogue --
1.2. Components of argumentative dialogue --
1.3. Persuasion dialogue (critical discussion) --
1.4. Negative rules of persuasion dialogue --
1.5. Some major informal fallacies --
6. Straw man fallacy --
1.7. Argument from consequences --
1.8. Critical perspective --
2. Questions and answers in dialogue --
2.1. Presuppositions of questions --
2.2. Complex questions --
2.3. Have you stopped abusing your spouse? --
2.4. Disjunctive questions --
2.5. Arguments from ignorance --
2.6. Replying to a question with a question --
2.7. Begging the question --
2.8. Questions in polls --
2.9. Advocacy and push polling --
2.10. Question-answer rules in dialogue --
3. Criticisms of irrelevance --
3.1. Allegations of irrelevance --
3.2. Global irrelevance --
3.3. Question-answer relevance --
3.4. Setting an agenda for a discussion --
3.5. Red herring versus wrong conclusion --
3.6. Varieties of criticisms of irrelevance --
3.7. Summary --
4. Appeals to emotion --
4.1. Argumentum ad populum --
4.2. Argument from popularity --
4.3. Problems with appeals to popularity --
4.4. Threatening appeals to force --
4.5. Further ad baculum problems --
4.6. Appeals to pity --
4.7. Overt, pictorial appeals to pity --
4.8. Summary --
5. Valid arguments --
5.1. Deductive validity --
5.2. Identifying arguments --
5.3. Validity as a semantic concept --
5.4. Valid forms of argument --
5.5. Invalid arguments --
5.6. Inconsistency --
5.7. Composition and division --
5.8. Defeasible reasoning --
5.9. Jumping to a conclusion --
5.10. Summary --
6. Personal attack in argumentation --
6.1. Abusive ad hominem argument --
6.2. Circumstantial ad hominem argument --
6.3. Attack on an arguer's impartiality --
6.4. Non-fallacious ad hominem arguments --
6.5. Replying to a personal attack --
6.6. Critical questions for an ad hominem argument --
6.7. Important types of error to check --
6.8. Some cases for further discussion --
7. Appeals to authority --
7.1. Reasonable appeals to authority --
7.2. Argumentation scheme for appeal to expert opinion --
7.3. Critical questions for the appeal to expert opinion --
7.4. Three common errors in citing expert opinions --
7.5. Evaluating appeals to expert opinion in written sources --
7.6. Expert testimony in legal argumentation --
7.7. How expert is the authority? --
7.8. Interpreting what the expert said --
7.9. A balanced view of argument from expert opinion --
8. Inductive errors, bias, and fallacies --
8.1. Meaningless and unknowable statistics --
8.2. Sampling procedures --
8.3. Insufficient and biased statistics --
8.4. Questionable questions and definitions --
8.5. Post hoc argument --
8.6. Six kinds of post hoc errors --
8.7. Bias due to defining variables --
8.8. Post hoc criticisms as raising critical questions in an inquiry --
8.9. Strengthening causal arguments by answering critical questions --
8.10. Examples of drawing causal conclusions from scientific studies --
8.11. Summary --
9. Natural language argumentation --
9.1. Ambiguity and vagueness --
9.2. Loaded terms and question-begging language --
9.3. Equivocation and amphiboly --
9.4. Arguments based on analogy --
9.5. Argumentative use of analogy --
9.6. Criticizing arguments from analogy --
9.7. Slippery slope arguments --
9.8. Subtle equivocations --
9.9. Variability of strictness of standards --
9.10. Conclusions --
Bibliography --
Index.
From the eBook - 2nd ed.
Argument as reasoned dialogue
Questions and answers in dialogue
Criticisms of irrelevance
Appeals to emotion
Valid arguments
Personal attack in argumentation
Appeals to authority
Inductive errors, bias, and fallacies
Natural language argumentation.
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