c. 4.5 Billion BCE Earth Is Born p. 14 --
c. 4.5 Billion BCE Earth's Core Forms p. 16 --
c. 4.5 Billion Birth of the Moon p. 18 --
c. 4.5 Billion BCE Earth's Mantle and Magma Ocean p. 20 --
c. 4.5-4 Billion BCE The Hadean p. 22 --
c. 4.1 Billion BCE Late Heavy Bombardment p. 24 --
c. 4.5 Billion BCE Continental Crust p. 26 --
c. 4 Billion BCE Earth's Oceans p. 28 --
c. 4-2.5 Billion BCE The Archean p. 30 --
c. 4-23 Billion BCE? Plate Tectonics p. 32 --
c. 3.8 Billion BCE? Life on Earth p. 34 --
c. 3.7 Billion BCE Stromatolites p. 36 --
c. 3.5 Billion BCE Greenstone Belts p. 38 --
c. 3.4 Billion BCE Photosynthesis p. 40 --
c. 3-1.8 Billion BCE Banded Iron Formations p. 42 --
c. 2.5 Billion BCE The Great Oxidation p. 44 --
c. 2 Billion BCE Eukaryotes p. 46 --
c. 1.2 Billion BCE The Origin of Sex p. 48 --
c. 1 Billion BCE Complex Multicellular Organisms p. 50 --
c. 720-635 Million BCE Snowball Earth? p. 52 --
c. 550 Million BCE Cambrian Explosion p. 54 --
c. 500 Million BCE Roots of the Pyrénées p. 56 --
c. 480 Million BCE The Appalachians p. 58 --
c. 470 Million BCE First Land Plants p. 60 --
c. 450 Million BCE Mass Extinctions p. 62 --
c. 375 Million BCE First Animals on Land p. 64 --
c. 320 Million BCE The Ural Mountains p. 66 --
c. 320 Million BCE Reptiles p. 68 --
c. 300 Million BCE The Atlas Mountains p. 70 --
c. 300 Million BCE Pangea p. 72 --
c. 252 Million BCE The Great Dying p. 74 --
c. 220 Million BCE Mammals p. 76 --
c. 200 Million BCE Triassic Extinction p. 78 --
c. 200-65 Million BCE Age of the Dinosaurs p. 80 --
c. 160 Million BCE The First Birds p. 82 --
c. 155 Million BCE The Sierra Nevada p. 84 --
c. 140 Million BCE The Atlantic Ocean p. 86 --
c. 130 Million BCE Flowers p. 88 --
c. 80 Million BCE The Rockies p. 90 --
c. 70 Million BCE The Himalayas p. 92 --
c. 66 Million BCE Deccan Traps p. 94 --
c. 65 Million BCE The Alps p. 96 --
c. 65 Million BCE Dinosaur-Killing Impact p. 98 --
c. 60 Million BCE Primates p. 100 --
c. 35 Million BCE Antarctica p. 102 --
c. 30 Million BCE East African Rift Zone p. 104 --
c. 30-20 Million BCE Advanced C4 Photosynthesis p. 106 --
c. 30-10 Million BCE Cascade Volcanoes p. 108 --
c. 28 Million BCE Hawaiian Islands p. 110 --
c. 10 Million BCE The Andes p. 112 --
c. 10 Million BCE First Horninids p. 114 --
c. 7 Million BCE Sahara Desert p. 116 --
c. 6-5 Million BCE The Grand Canyon p. 118 --
c. 6-5 Million BCE The Mediterranean Sea p. 120 --
c. 5.5 Million BCE The Caspian and Black Seas p. 122 --
c. 5 Million BCE Galápagos Islands p. 124 --
c. 3.4 Million BCE to 3300 BCE The Stone Age p. 126 --
c. 3 Million BCE The Dead Sea p. 128 --
c. 2 Million BCE Death Valley p. 130 --
c. 400,000 BCE Lake Victoria p. 132 --
c. 200,000 BCE Homo sapiens Emerges p. 134 --
c. 70,000 BCE The San People p. 136 --
c. 50,000 BCE Arizona Impact p. 138 --
c. 40,000 BCE The First Mines p. 140 --
c. 38,000 BCE La Brea Tar Pits p. 142 --
c. 30 000 BCE Domestication of Animals p. 144 --
c. 10,000 BCE Invention of Agriculture p. 146 --
c. 10,000 BCE End of the East "Ice Age" p. 148 --
c. 9000 BCE Beringia Land Bridge p. 150 --
c. 8000 BCE The Great Lakes p. 152 --
c. 7000 BCE Fermentation of Beer and Wine p. 154 --
c. 6000 BCE fertilizer p. 156 --
c. 3300-1200 BCE The Bronze Age p. 158 --
c. 3200 BCE Synthetic Pigments p. 160 --
c. 3000 BCE Oldest Living Trees p. 162 --
c. 3000 BCE Stonehenge p. 164 --
c. 3000 BCE The Spice Trade p. 166 --
c. 2500 BCE The Pyramids p. 168 --
c. 2000 BCE Magnetite p. 170 --
c. 1200-500 BCE The Iron Age p. 172 --
c. 800 BCE Aqueducts p. 174 --
c. 600 BCE First World Maps p. 176 --
c. 500 BCE The Earth Is Round! p. 178 --
c. 500 BCE Madagascar p. 180 --
c. 300 BCE Quartz p. 182 --
c. 300 BCE Great Library of Alexandria p. 184 --
c. 280 BCE A Sun-Centered Cosmos p. 186 --
c. 250 BCE Size of the Earth p. 188 --
c. 700-1200 Polynesian Diaspora p. 192 --
c. 1000 Mayan Astronomy p. 194 --
c. 1370-1640 Great Wall of China p. 196 --
c. 1400 Native American Creation Stories p. 198 --
c. 1500 The Little Ice Age p. 200 --
c. 1500 Civil Engineering p. 202 --
1519 Circumnavigating the Globe p. 204 --
1541 Amazon River p. 206 --
1600 Many Earths? p. 208 --
1600 Iluaynaputina Eruption p. 210 --
1619 Laws of Planetary Motion p. 212 --
1669 Foundations of Geology p. 214 --
1769 Transit of Venus p. 222 --
1788 Unconformities p. 224 --
1791 Desalination p. 228 --
1794 Rocks from Space p. 230 --
1798 Population Growth p. 232 --
1802-1805 Platinum Croup Metals p. 234 --
1804 Charting North America p. 236 --
1811 Reading the Fossil Record p. 238 --
1814 Sunlight Deciphered p. 240 --
1815 Mount Tambora Eruption p. 242 --
1815 Modern Geologic Maps p. 244 --
1830 Uniformitarianism p. 246 --
c. 1830 Industrial Revolution p. 248 --
1837 Discovering Ice Ages p. 250 --
1845 Birth of Environmentalism p. 252 --
1851 Proof that the Earth Spins p. 254 --
c. 1855-1870 Deforestation p. 256 --
1858-1859 Natural Selection p. 258 --
1858 Airborne Remote Sensing p. 260 --
1859 Solar Marcs and Space Weather p. 262 --
1862 The Age of the Earth p. 264 --
1864 (Geo) Science Fiction p. 266 --
1869 Exploring the Grand Canyon p. 268 --
c. 1870 The Anthropocene p. 270 --
1870 Soil Science p. 272 --
1872 National Parks p. 274 --
1879 The US Geological Survey p. 276 --
1883 Krakaloa Eruption p. 278 --
1892 The Sierra Club p. 280 --
1896 The Greenhouse Effect p. 282 --
1896 Radioactivity p. 284 --
1896 Structure of the Atmosphere p. 286 --
1896 Women in Earth Science p. 288 --
1900 Galveston Hurricane p. 290 --
1902 Controlling the Nile p. 292 --
1906 San Francisco Earthquake p. 294 --
1906 Hunting for Meteorites p. 296 --
1908 The Tunguska Explosion p. 298 --
1909 Reaching the North Pole p. 300 --
1910 Big Burn Wildfire p. 302 --
1911 Reaching the South Pole p. 304 --
1911 Machu Picchu p. 306 --
1912 Continental Drift p. 308 --
1913 The Ozone Layer p. 310 --
1914 The Panama Canal p. 312 --
1915 Exploring Katmai p. 314 --
1921 Russian Famine p. 316 --
1925 Tri-State Tornado p. 318 --
1926 Liquid-Fueled Rockets p. 320 --
1926 Exploration by Aviation p. 322 --
1933 Angel Falls p. 324 --
1934 Geology of Corals p. 326 --
1936 The Inner Core p. 330 --
1943 Exploring the Oceans p. 334 --
1943 Sky Islands p. 336 --
1945 Geosynchronous Satellites p. 338 --
1946 Cloud Seeding p. 340 --
1947 Weather Radar p. 342 --
1948 Tracing Human Origins p. 344 --
1949 Island Arcs p. 346 --
1953 Ascending Everest p. 348 --
1954 Nuclear Power p. 350 --
1957 Mapping the Seafloor p. 352 --
1957-1958 International Geophysical Year (IGY) p. 356 --
1958 Earth's Radiation Belts p. 358 --
1960 Weather Satellites p. 360 --
1960 Understanding Impact Craters p. 362 --
1960 Mariana Trench p. 364 --
1960 Valdivia Earthquake p. 366 --
1961 Humans in Space p. 368 --
1961 Terraforming p. 370 --
1963 Reversing Magnetic Polarity p. 372 --
1966 Endosymbiosis p. 374 --
1966 Earth Selfies p. 376 --
1967 Extremophiles p. 378 --
1968 Leaving Earth's Gravity p. 380 --
1970 Meteorites and Life p. 382 --
1972 Earth Science Satellites p. 386 --
1972 Geology on the Moon p. 388 --
1973 Seafloor Spreading p. 390 --
1973 Tropical Rain/Cloud Forests p. 392 --
1973 Global Positioning System p. 394 --
1975 Insect Migration p. 396 --
1975 Magnetic Navigation p. 398 --
1976 Temperate Rainforests p. 400 --
1977 Voyager Golden Record p. 402 --
1977 Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vents p. 404 --
1978 Wind Power p. 406 --
1979 A World Wide Web p. 408 --
1980 Mount St. Helens Eruption p. 410 --
1980 Extinction Impact Hypothesis p. 412 --
1981 Great Barrier Reef p. 414 --
1982 Genetic Engineering of Crops p. 416 --
1982 Basin and Range p. 418 --
1982 Solar Power p. 420 --
1982 Volcanic Explosivity Index p. 422 --
1983 Gorillas in the Mint p. 424 --
1983 Plant Genetics p. 426 --
1984 The Oscillating Magnetosphere p. 428 --
1985 Underwater Archaeology p. 430 --
1986 Chernobyl Disaster p. 432 --
1987 California Condors p. 434 --
1987 Yucca Mountain p. 436 --
1988 Light Pollution p. 438 --
1988 Chimpanzees p. 440 --
1991 Biosphere 2 p. 442 --
1991 Mount Pinatubo Eruption p. 444 --
1993 Boreal Forests (Taiga) p. 448 --
1993 Oceanography from Space p. 450 --
1994 Hydroelectric Power p. 452 --
1995 Earthlike Exoplanets p. 454 --
1997 Large Animal Migrations p. 456 --
1998 Ocean Conservation p. 458 --
1999 Earth's Spin Slows Over Time p. 460 --
1999 Torino Impact Hazard Scale p. 462 --
1999 Vargas Landslide p. 464 --
2004 Sumatran Earthquake and Tsunami p. 466 --
2004 Grasslands and Chaparral p. 468 --
2007 Carbon Footprint p. 470 --
2008 Global Seed Vault p. 472 --
2010 Eyjafjallajökull Eruption p. 474 --
2011 Building Bridges p. 476 --
2011 Temperate Deciduous Forests p. 478 --
2012 Lake Vostok p. 480 --
2013 Rising CO₂ p. 484 --
2016 Long-Duration Space Travel p. 486 --
2017 North American Solar Eclipse p. 488 --
2029 Apophis Near Miss p. 490 --
~2050 Settlements on Mars? p. 492 --
~2100 End of Fossil Fuels? p. 494 --
~50,000 Next Ice Age? p. 496 --
~100,000 Yellowstone Supervolcano p. 498 --
~100,000-200,000 Loihi p. 500 --
~500,000 Next Big Asteroid Impact? p. 502 --
~250 Million Pangea Proxima p. 504 --
~600 Million Last Total Solar Eclipse p. 506 --
~1 Bullion Earth's Oceans Evaporate p. 508 --
~2-3 Billion Earths Core Solidifies p. 510 --
~5 Billion The End of the Earth p. 512.
