Introduction to Islamic societies
pt. I. The beginnings of Islamic civilizations : the Middle East from c.600 to c.1000
1. Middle Eastern societies before Islam
Ancient, Roman and Persian empires
Religion and society before Islam
Women, family, and society / with Lena Salaymeh
Marriage, divorce, and sexual morality
2. Historians and the sources
Language, poetry, and the gods
4. Muhammad : preaching, community, and state formation
The Judeo-Christian and Arabian heritage
Conclusion : the umma of Islam
The Arab-Muslim Imperium (632-945)
5. Introduction to the Arab-Muslim empires
6. The Arab-Muslim conquests and the socioeconomic bases of empire
The administration of the new empire
7. Regional developments : economic and social change
The integration of conquering and conquered peoples
Arabic and other Middle Eastern languages
The Rightly Guided Caliphs
The Umayyad monarchy (661-685) The imperial caliphate : the Marwanids (685-750)
The crisis of the dynasty and the rise of the 'Abbasids
'Abbasid administration : the central government
10. Decline and fall of the 'Abbasid Empire
The decline of the central government
Provincial autonomy and the rise of independent states
Cosmopolitan Islam : the Islam of the imperial elite
11. Introduction : religion and identity
12. The ideology of imperial Islam
The Umayyads and the ancient empires
13. The 'Abbasids : caliphs and emperors
Architecture and court ceremony
Hellenistic literature and philosophy
Culture, legitimacy, and the state
Urban Islam : the Islam of scholars and holy men
The veneration of the Prophet
Scripturalism : Quran, hadith, and law / with Lena Salaymeh)
Law in the seventh and eighth centuries
Tradition and law : hadith
Reasoned opinion versus traditionalism
Asceticism and mysticism (Sufism)
Women, families, and communities
17. Muslim urban societies to the tenth century
Women and family / with Lena Salaymeh
Women and family in the lifetime of the Prophet
Women and family in the Caliphal era
18. The non-Muslim minorities
Islamic legislation for non-Muslims
Christians and Christianity
Early Islamic era to the ninth century
Christian literature in Arabic
Christians in North Africa
Jews and Judaism / with David Moshfegh
Egyptian and North African Jews : the Geniza era
The yeshivas and rabbinic Judaism
Jewish culture in the Islamic context
19. Continuity and change in the historic cultures of the Middle East
pt. II. From Islamic community to Islamic society : Egypt, Iraq, and Iran, 945-c.1500
20. The post-'Abbasid Middle Eastern state system
Iraq, Iran, and the eastern provinces
The Saljuq Empire, the Mongols, and the Timurids
The iqtaʻ system and Middle Eastern feudalism
Royal courts and regional cultures : Islam in Persian garb
The post-'Abbasid concept of the state
21. Muslim communities and Middle Eastern societies : 1000-1500 CE
Women and family : ideology versus reality / with Lena Salaymeh
Women of urban notable families
Working women and popular culture
Urban societies : the quarters and the markets
Islamic institutions and a mass Islamic society
Muslim religious movements and the state
Normative Islam : scripture, Sufism, and theology
Sufism in the post-'Abbasid era
Al-Ghazali : his life and vision
Alternative Islam : philosophy an gnostic and popular Sufism
Islamic philosophy and theosophy
Popular Sufism : the veneration of saints
24. Conclusion : Middle Eastern Islamic patterns
States and communities in a fragmented Middle East
Coping with the limits of worldly life
State and religion in the medieval Islamic paradigm.
pt. III. The global expansion of Islam from the seventh to the nineteenth centuries
25. Introduction : Islamic institutions
North Africa and the Middle East
Turkish conquests and conversions in Anatolia, the Balkans, the Middle East, Inner Asia, and India
Conversions in Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa
Muslim elites and Islamic communities
Social structures of Islamic societies
26. Islamic North Africa to the thirteenth century
Muslim states to the eleventh century
The Fatimid and Zirid empires and the Banu Hilal
The Almoravids and the Almohads
Scholars and Sufis : Islamic religious communities
27. Spanish-Islamic civilization
Hispano-Arabic society / with David Moshfegh
Muslims under Christian rule
The Jews in Spain / with David Moshfegh
The synthesis of Arabic, Hebrew, and Latin cultures
The breakdown of convivencia / with David Moshfegh
The expulsion of the Jews from Spain and Portugal / with David Moshfegh
The expulsion of the Muslims / with David Moshfegh
28. Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco from the thirteenth to the nineteenth centuries
Morocco : the Marinid and Saʻdian states
the ʻAlawi dynasty to the French protectorate
29. States and Islam : North African variations
30. Introduction : empires and societies
31. The Turkish migrations and the Ottoman Empire
Turkish-Islamic states in Anatolia (1071-1243)
The rise of the Ottoman (c.1280-1453) : from ghazi state to empire
The patrimonial regime : fifteenth and sixteenth centuries
The janissaries and civil and religious administration
Ottoman law / with Lena Salaymeh
Royal authority, cultural legitimization, and Ottoman identity
rulers and subjects : Jews and Christians in the Ottoman Empire
Greek Orthodox and Armenian Christians
Christians in the Ottoman Near East
Women and family in the Ottoman era (1400-1800) / with Lena Salaymeh
The Ottoman legal system and the family
32. The postclassical Ottoman Empire : decentralization, commercialization, and incorporation
New political institutions
Power, ideology, and identity
33. The Arab provinces under Ottoman rule
The origins of the Safavids
Iran under the early Safavids
The conversion of Iran to Shiʻism
State and religion in late Safavid Iran
The dissolution of the Safavid Empire.
35. The Indian subcontinent : the Delhi sultanates and the Mughal Empire
The Muslim conquests and the Delhi sultanates
Conversion and Muslim communities
The varieties of Indian Islam
Muslim holy men and political authority
The Mughal Empire and Indian culture
The decline of the Mughal Empire
The reign of Aurangzeb (r.1658-1707)
The international economy and the British Indian Empire
36. Islamic empires compared
Asian empires as Islamic states
37. Inner Asia from the Mongol conquests to the nineteenth century
the western and northern steppes
Turkestan (Transoxania, Khwarizm, and Farghana)
Eastern Turkestan and China
38. Islamic societies in Southeast Asia
Pre-Islamic Southeast Asia
Portuguese, Dutch, and Muslim states
Java : the state, the 'ulama' and the peasants
The crisis of imperialism and Islam on Java : 1795-1830
39. The African context : Islam, slavery, and colonialism
40. Islam in Sudanic, savannah, and forest West Africa
The kingdoms of the western Sudan
The central Sudan : Kanem and Bornu
Non-state Muslim communities in West Africa : merchants and religious lineages
Zaway lineages : the Kunta
Merchants and missionaries in the forest and coastal regions
41. The West African jihads
ʻUthman don Fodio and the Sokoto Caliphate
the jihad of al-Hajj ʻUmar
The late nineteenth-century jihads
42. Islam in East Africa and the European colonial empires
The coastal cities and Swahili Islam
colonialism and the defeat of Muslim expansion
43. The varieties of Islamic societies
The inner spaces of the Muslim world
The Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean
The desert as ocean : Inner Asia and the Sahara
The rise of Europe and the world economy
European trade, naval power, and empire
European imperialism and the beginning of the modern era.
pt. IV. The modern transformation : Muslim peoples from the nineteenth to the twenty-first centuries
45. Introduction : imperialism, modernity, and the transformation of Islamic societies
Patterns of response and resistance
The contemporary Islamic revival
Nationalism and Islam in the Middle East
46. The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire and modernization of Turkey
The partition of the Ottoman Empire
World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
The Turkish Republic under Ataturk
The post-World War II Turkish Republic
Islam in Turkish politics : 1950-1983
Islam and the state : 1983-2000
The AKP : a new synthesis and a new governing party
the current state of Turkish politics
47. Iran : state and religion in the modern era
Qajar Iran : the long nineteenth century
The constitutional crisis
Twentieth-century Iran : the Pahlavi era
The 'ulama' and the revolution
48. Egypt : secularism and Islamic modernity
The nineteenth-century reforming state
Egyptian resistance : from Islamic modernism to nationalism
Secular opposition movements-
49. The Arab East : Arabism, military states, and Islam
Notables and the rise of Arab nationalism
Arabism and Arab states in the colonial period
The struggle for Arab unit and the contemporary Fertile Crescent states
The Palestinian movement and the struggle for Palestine
Zionists and Palestinians to 1948
The Palestinian movement and Israel from 1948 to the 1990s
Toward a two-state solution?
50. The Arabian Peninsula
Political and religious opposition
Arab states, nationalism, and Islam
51. North Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries
The rebirth of Algerian resistance : to the end of World War II
The drive to independence and the Algerian revolution
Independent Tunisia : from the 1950s to the present
Islam in state ideologies and opposition movements : the Middle East and North Africa
52. Women in the Middle East : nineteenth to twenty-first centuries / with Lena Salaymeh
Imperialism and reform in the nineteenth century
Women's secular education
Labor and social and political activism
Post-World War I nation-states
Egypt from the 1920s to the present
Post-World War II Arab states
Education, work, and social activism in the Arab countries
Western gaze and obsession with veiling
Twenty-first century revolutions.
Islam and secularism in Central and Southern Asia
53. Muslims in Russia, the Caucasus, Inner Asia, and China
The Caucasus and Inner Asia under Tsarist rule
Islamic reform and modernism : the jadid movement
The revolutionary era and the formation of the Soviet Union
Newly independent states in formerly Soviet Central Asia
54. The Indian subcontinent : India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh
From the Mughal Empire to the partition of the Indian subcontinent
Muslim militancy from Plassey to 1857
From the Mutiny to World War I
From cultural to political action
From elite to mass politics
The Muslims of post-partition India
55. Islam in Southeast Asia : Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines
Dutch rule and economic development in the Indies
Southeast Asian responses to Dutch rule
Islamic traditionalism and revolt
The priyayi, the merchant elites, nationalism, and Islamic modernism
The conservative reaction
Islamic and secular nationalist political parties : 1900-1950
Sukarno and a secular Indonesia : 1955-1965
The Suharto regime : state and Islam, 1965-1998
Indonesian Islam : 1998 to the present
British Malaya and independent Malaysia
The Malaysian state and Islam in a multiethnic society
Islam in twentieth-century Africa
Colonialism and independence : African states and Islam
West African Muslim-majority countries
Nigeria : a divided society
Muslims in other West African states
58. Universal Islam and African diversity
59. Muslims in Europe and America
Muslims in the United States
Muslim identity issues in the United States
Muslims in Western Europe
Immigrant identities in Europe
Immigrant states by country
Sweden, the Netherlands, and Spain
The anti-immigrant reaction
Conclusion : secularized Islam and Islamic revival
The institutional and cultural features of pre-modern Islamic societies
The nineteenth, and twentieth-century transformation of Islamic societies
Nations, nationalism, and Islam
"Islamism: and political action
Transnational politics : military and terrorist organizations
Contemporary patterns in relations between states and Islamic societies
Islamic and neo-Islamic states
Secularized states with Islamic identities
Secularized states and Islamic opposition
Islamic national societies in Southeast Asia
Muslims as political minorities
